Neurosurgeon proves conjecture that stumped mathematicians for 22 years with a 16-hour GPT-5.6 run
A neurosurgeon, Dr. Shanmu Jin, proved the Crouzeix conjecture, a long-standing problem in matrix analysis, and was assisted by a 16-hour autonomous run of OpenAI's GPT-5.6 Sol. His proof was verified by several mathematicians, including the conjecture's author, and a second independent proof appeared days later. This marks a milestone: a major mathematical contribution by an amateur paired with an AI model.
OpenAI

